Liver toxicity

Male hypogonadism, which remains at present very urgent, complex and demanding solutions problem is a manifestation of many different pathological conditions in nature. His classification is constructed based on two principles: the topographic localization of reasons (hypothalamus, pituitary, testes, target organs of androgens), and their nature (genetic, endocrine, inflammatory, traumatic, etc.). The essence of the phenomenon is the violation of the generative (spermatogenesis) and endocrine (steroidogenesis) functions, at least - only generative syndrome (Sertoli cells, the blockade of spermatogenesis, etc.). Accordingly, one of the most frequent manifestations of hypogonadism is androgen deficiency.

Hypogonadism may be accompanied by a man from birth, develop at puberty, adulthood or old age. Causes of congenital hypogonadism are the most common chromosomal viagra drug abnormalities or exposure to harmful factors in utero. Clinical experience shows that about 80% of all cases of early hypogonadism is represented by three forms: idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, pituitary insufficiency and Klinefelter syndrome.

Particularly intense in the last decade studied the problem of hormonal changes in men over 50 years. Obviously, the endocrine changes in aging men is not confined to sex hormones, progressing with age, androgen deficiency is its central element. The Massachusetts male aging study found that after 50 years of total testosterone decreased by 0.4% per year free - on 1,2; and testosterone, albumin-bound - by 1,0%. At the same time, the laboratory signs of hypogonadism are identified in only 3% of men aged 60 years and 20% - after 60. Male sexual function decreases slowly and gradually in the biological process of aging. This process is known as male menopause, andropause, ADAM (androgen deficiency syndrome, the age for men) or LOX (age hypogonadism). Consensus on the terminology does not exist.

Currently, most experts believe that all forms of hypogonadism associated with Leydig cell insufficiency, require treatment with testosterone. Long-term administration of testosterone is also shown in the secondary (hypogonadotrophic) hypogonadism and delayed sexual development. However, treatment with androgens underutilized. For example, approximately 4-5 million men with hypogonadism in the U.S. only 5% ever receive testosterone replacement.

The duration of the appointment of testosterone depends on the particular situation. For example, if the delay of sexual development, it is a few months, and climacteric disorders make reasonable lifetime Androgen replacement therapy (AZT).

Currently, most experts believe that all forms of hypogonadism require treatment with testosterone. However, from the 4.5 million men with hypogonadism in the U.S. only 5% ever receive testosterone replacement.

In cases of androgen deficiency testosterone treatment is shown at its concentration in the blood serum in the morning below 12 nmol / liter. For correction of menopausal disorders milestones are its brand viagra for sale clinical manifestations. In accordance with international consensus, the main purpose of AZT is to achieve and maintain serum testosterone concentration within the physiological norm.

When choosing a drug for pathogenic therapy of androgen should be considered: the ability of the drug to restore testosterone levels to physiological values without suppressing the function of the testes, absence of liver toxicity and carcinogenicity, the content of natural molecules of testosterone, the route of administration, the presence of a full range of effects of testosterone; flexible titration and rapid withdrawal drug.

The route of administration of testosterone preparations is their fundamental difference. To date, the most widely used oral, injectable, subcutaneous (implants) and transdermal (epicutaneous) testosterone.